A Research Proposal on the Role of the Chief Executive Officer Essay

QuestionsOne of the study problems in problem is the nonion of whether companies should be concerned with some other issues than profitability. turn Smith in 1863 claimed that the process of achieving the overall good for the confederation is something that provide happen inevitably happen beca utilize of his thought process of the invisible hand of the market. However, more than contemporary ideas assert otherwise as they believed that there ar a human body of conditions that would hinder the invisible hand to work gistively (Mohr and Webb, 2002).The belief of corporate brotherly tariff (CSR) is deeply rooted on the allegiance of musical arrangements to continue their business in an ethical manner. It is in this respect that judicatures atomic number 18 verbalize to necessarily contribute to the overall economic development of one(a)s country while at the same time modify the quality of life of not only its employees and its families but also the society wher e it belonged (Watts and Holme, 1999).One of the central concerns with regard to the necessity of the murder of CSR by a particular organization is the impact of a particular societys decisions and actions within the society together with their responsibility in the aforementioned. As much(prenominal) this means that when aligning authoritative organizational goals or projects, it would be reform if organizations exit evaluate first their actions and make sure that they are in consent to the welfare of the greater good (Parsons, 1954).As such, the impact of an organizations decision within the society is very vital in CSR. It should be emphasized as well that an organizations work should span more than the economic and legal aspects but also pick out the good of the majority. Archie Carroll said that an organizations social responsibility is something that includes the interplay of quaternity important figures. These are economic performance, adherence with the law, e thical responsibility, good corporate citizenship, and improving the societys quality of life (Carrol and Buchholtz, 2003).However disdain companies claim for CSR implementation, a significant number of evidence tells that every year, there are numerous companies that are charged for violating environmental laws (Kassinis and Panayiotou, 2006, p. 68).ProblemsThe success of a alliances CSR and the its effect on the companys plan has been viewed by a number of studies to be passly cor link on the determination of the Chief Executive Officer ( chief executive officer) (PR mountain password, 2007). It has been said by Kassinis and Panayiotou (2006) that the agency of the CEO is very vital since they are the ones who are primarily prudent for the boards decision-management functions and the heretofore the extent of corporate wrongdoing.The interpretation of the CEO in term of mixed environmental issues that could have affect their wets and its choice of environmental strateg ies have also a significant implication on the overall flick and performance of a particular company. Studies such as those conducted by PR intelligence service outfit in 2008 claimed that to belong to deals Worlds Most look up to Companies, the CEOs role together with his or her capacity to create a dodge or hire specific experts who can in effect handle CSR concerns, such as hiring a competitive Chief Communications Officer (CCO,) is very vital.Companies which belong to Fortunes annual awards are often evaluated base on their reputation. match to PR new-fashioneds in 2007, it is often the suit that CEOs are the ones who are held accoun disconcert in footing of the failure to nurse the company image in whenever a crisis arises. The study of PR News revealed that in out of 950 global business executives in 11 countries, 68% of the results attributed unethical behavior to the CEO, and 60% cited environmental violations and product recalls to the CEO as well.The influence of the perceptions of various stakeholders, regulators, communities and employees has been viewed by Kassinis and Panayiotou (2006) as critical to the welfare of the firm as they are centrally involved in enforcing the laws and other policies that companies must adhere to.Figure 1 Relationship Between CSR and StakeholdersSource Tokoro (2007)The run into above shows the direct relationship of stakeholders to CSR in terms of the re hard-and-fastions that they impose, the resource deals that they pass and the overall value creation of the organization.Gap in Research still if the claim on the role of CEOs in terms of dealing with issues of CSR and company reputation, other studies suggests that CSR strategies and policies are instead delegated to the shareholders (Kassinis and Panayiotou, 2006, p. 67). It is often the case that the enquires of the shareholders are often in conflict with the interest of customers, suppliers, governments, unions, competitors, local communities, and t he general normal (Sims, 2003, p. 40). The table below shows an overview of perceptions ofTable 1 Stakeholders View of Corporate ResponsibilityStakeholders character of Stakeholder Claim carry onholders Participation in distribution of profits, additional transmit offerings, assets on liquidation vote of stock inspection of company books transfer of stock election of board of directors and such additional rights as have been show up in the contract with the corporation.Employees Economic, social, and psychological satisfaction in the place of employment. exemption from arbitrary and capricious behavior on the part of company officials. Share in fringe benefits, freedom to join union and participate in collective bargaining, individual freedom in offering up their operate through an employment contract. Adequate working conditions.Customers Service provided with the product technical foul info to utilise the product suitable warranties spare parts to have a bun in the oven t he product during use R&D leading to product betterment facilitation of credit. Creditors Legal proportion of interest payments due and return of principal from the investment. aegis of pledged assets relative priority in event of liquidation. Management and proprietor prerogatives if certain conditions exist with the company (such as default of interest payments).Suppliers inveterate source of business timely consummation of trade credit obligations captain relationship in contracting for, purchasing, and receiving goods and services. Unions Recognition as the negotiating agent for employees. fortune to perpetuate the union as a participant in the business organization.Competitors Observation of the norms of competitive conduct established by society and the perseverance. stemma statesmanship on the part of peers.Governments Taxes (income, property, and so on) adherence to the letter and spirit of public policy dealing with the requirements of median(a) and free competitio n pocket of legal obligations of businesspeople (and business organizations) adherence to antitrust laws.Local communities hind end of productive and healthful environment in the community. Participation of company officials in community affairs, provision of regular employment, fair play, reasonable portion of purchases make in the local community, interest in and bread and butter of local government, support of cultural and charitable projects.The general public Participation in and constituent to society as a whole creative communications betwixt governmental and business units designed for reciprocal understanding assumption of fair proportion of the burden of government and society. Fair price for products and advancement of the state of the art technology that the product line involves.Source Sims, 2003, p. 41For instance, consumers expect that the company should be able to carry out their business in a amenable manner on the other hand, stakeholders expect that their in vestments would be returned. In other instances, customers are looking forward a return on what they paid for, while suppliers look for dependable buyers. The government wanted companies to bring home the bacon legislations, while unions seek benefits for their members.The competitors, expected companies to do their business in a fair manner and local communities wanted the aforementioned to be responsible citizens. Finally, the general public expects organizations to improve the over all quality of tender-hearted life, while shareholders might view this proposition as utopian (Sims, 2003). The form below shows the dynamics of stakeholder interactions.Figure 2 Value Creation through with(predicate) Dialogue with StakeholdersSource Tokoro (2007)As such, it is in this respect that it could be said that CEOs and a particular companys responsiveness to the demands of CSR and eventually creating a strong image is something could not be the sole determining factor for a successful CSR . Instead, the apparent motion of whether CEOs are only implementing the demands of the companys stakeholders, or the CEOs only attending to consumer, suppliers, government, community and general public demand should also be taken into close consideration.DeficiencyAs to the highest degree look fores often attribute the success or failure of a CSR schema to the CEO, the role and influence of other stakeholders in the organization are not often viewed as significant variables worthy of consideration. Only most new- do inquiryes are significantly attributing stakeholder roles in terms of its relationship to CSR. Albeit, base from the investigators survey of various unessential info, there are but any robust literatures stating the influence of stakeholders to the CEO and eventually the latters decision on how to implement its CSR program.PurposeThe study is vital in line of battle to not only contribute to the existing studies on the role of CEOs and a successful CSR progr am but also to further ratify the claim on the relationship of CSR and a favorable company image. much importantly, subtle factors that might have influenced CEO decisions, strategies and policies such as those orgasm from company stakeholders entrust be taken into close consideration and in addition, entrust be taken as important variables for the inquiry. Although studies on the direct relationship of company stakeholders and CSR and presented by various lookes, the role of the stakeholders in terms of influencing the CEO in its CSR decisions are seldom taken into consideration. As such it is with this respect that the research seeks to significantly contribute to the scholarly studies devoted in order to analyze such dynamics.Research QuestionsMain QuestionFor the aim of this research, the study wanted to know What is the role of the CEO in terms of promoting the Corporate fond Responsibility (CSR) programs of their organization and its relation to building a favorable i mage?SubquestionsSpecifically, the research wanted to know1. What is the relationship mingled with a successful CSR program and the role of the CEO?2. What is the relationship between a successful CSR program and a favorable brand image?3. What is the role of the following in terms of influencing the CSR strategies of a particular organizationa. Shareholdersb. Consumersc. Suppliersd. usual Public4. How did company shareholders, consumers, suppliers and the general public influence the strategy of the CEO in terms of implementing its CSR program?MethodologyResearch impostFor the purpose of this research, the study ordain be employing both valued and soft research systems. It is often the case that quantitative research employs the mode that is based on testing of theories. It uses measurement of numbers, and statistical compend to perform its studies. The idea behind quantitative research is often to ascertain that a generalize theory or the prediction of a theory pull up stakes be confirmed by the use of numbers. The aforementioned normally starts with a research question or a hypothesis in addition to other theories that are needed to be tested.The approach of quantitative research includes the use of formal and generally recognized instruments (Obrien 1998). In addition to this, the quantitative customs of research focuses on conducting experiments with an underlying expectation that a consensus would be arrived at. This method usually aims to arrive at a predictable generalization, and a causative explanation. Quantitative research can create a controlled environment in order to attain inductive analysis.The goal of this research customs is to establish a consensus by reducing data to numerical indications, hence finally identifying if certain generalizations are valid or invalid (Obrien 1998). In this research method it is very pertinent that the tec must maintain its independency from the research object and consequently, the research outc ome is expected to be not value affected (Obrien 1998). The quantitative methodology also tests cause and effect by employ deductive logic. When done correctly a quantitative research should be able to predict, and explain the theory in question (Obrien 1998).On the other hand, the qualitative research focuses primarily on wrangle rather than numbers. The main research instrument for such a shell of tradition is the process of involvement of the detective to the people whom he or she studies (Dyamon and Holloway, 2002). In relation with this, the viewpoints of the participants are also taken into much news report. The Qualitative research tradition focuses on small-scale studies wherein deep explorations are cosmos conducted in order to provide a detailed and holistic comment and explanation of a specific heart-to-heart matter. Rather than foc employ on a single or two isolated variables, the aforementioned takes into account interconnected activities, experiences, beliefs an d values of people, hence adopting a multiple dimension for study.This tradition of research is also flexible in a sense that certain factors are being explored due to not necessarily adhering to a strict method of data gathering. It also captures certain processes wherein changes in sequence of events, behaviors and transition among cultures are closely taken into consideration. More importantly, a qualitative research is normally carried out in venues that are within a responsives natural environment such as schools, offices, homes, etc. This allowed participants to be more at ease and be able to express their ideas freely (Dyamon and Holloway, 2002).Data GatheringThe data gathering will consist of secondary and primary data charms. Ghauri, Gronhaug and Kristianslund (1995) emphasized the importance of secondary data allurement most especially through desk or library research. Secondary data collection normally includes data that were collected by another investigator or writ er. It is often the case that they are lifted from books of recent publications, journals, magazines, newspapers and even trusted websites such as those of private organizations, non-government organizations, government organizations and the likes.The review of related literature will provide a scholarly perspective on the subject matter and at the same time made the researcher aware of both previous and contemporary research on the subject matter. For the purpose of this research, the author will be using scholarly journals and articles, books and magazines specifically focusing on the oil and gas industry and freight industry in the Middle East, most specifically Turkey. The scholarly literatures will be primarily taken from EBSCO Host, JSTOR and Questia Media America, an exclusive on-line library.For the primary data collection for quantitative data, the study will be conducting surveys among consumers, suppliers and general public using questions of ordinal measurement using Li kert scales for ecumenic Electric. Surveys include the process of using questionnaires with the aim of making an estimation of the perceptions of the subjects of the study. Surveys are considered advantageous because it could be use to study a huge number of subjects (Ghauri, Gronhaug and Kristianslund, 1995). On the other hand, interviews will be conducted among selected GE shareholders regarding their perception on the role of the CEO and implementation of the companys CSR.Data Gathering Methods and their JustificationFor the purpose of this research, the researcher will be using self-administered questionnaires. Self-administered questionnaires often times offer a higher response rate and are also relatively damage effective (Ghauri, Gronhaug and Kristianslund, 1995). Foremost of its advantage rests on the notion that the process of data gathering could be more personal and also the researcher will be able to clarify certain notions that could be unclear in the survey form. How ever, one distinct disadvantage of such a method is the difficulty of administrating the survey to multiple respondents all at the same time. In addition, the self-administered data gathering could be very time consuming as well.The research will also be conducting an interview in order to collect the qualitative data essential for the research. Interviews are very relevant most specially in getting data that could be a rich source of information that surveys could not provide (Ghauri, Gronhaug and Kristianslund, 1995). For the purpose of interviewing, various stakeholders from General Electric Corporation will be asked with regard to their perceptions of how GE should be employing its CSR, and their perceptions on the role of the CEO in terms of effectively implementing its CSR and the companys image.Questionnaire DesignThe questionnaire design for the survey will be made in a detailed, precise and logical construction of close-ended questions. In addition with this, the questions will also be made in accordance with the research question and the objectives of the research (Oppenheim, 1992).The questions will be explicate using an ordinal scale and will be close-ended in nature. Such is relevant so that respondents would only have to encircle or check the designated number of their corresponding responses (Oppenhein, 1992). In addition to this, close-ended questions are very easy to dish out and could enable the researcher create a summated value that could be use for data analysis.The questions that will be apply in the interview will be tailored in such a manner that would promptly resolution concerns that are in accordance of the objectives of the study. The questions for the shareholders will be specifically created in a manner where there will be an undefendable flow of information and exchange of ideas. The details on how consumers, suppliers and general public wanted the company to act together with its policies and possible ethical practices will be included in the survey. In this respect, questions will be formulated with a closed-ended nature.SamplingFor the purpose of this research, the researcher will conduct a survey based on simple random sampling (SRS) which will include randomly choosing participants coming from consumers, suppliers and general public. On the other hand, the research will be employing purposive sampling methods in terms of choosing the stakeholders of General Electric who can participate in the study.Target PopulationAccording to Ghauri, Gronhaug and Kristianslund (1995) research should cater to a target population that has all the necessary information for the research such as sampling elements, sampling units, and field of force of coverage. For the purpose of this study, the author is trying to identify the role of consumers, suppliers and the general public. As such, the study will be asking 120 respondents to participate in the survey of which will primarily come from consumers and suppliers o f General Electric as well as the general public who are concerned with General Electric and its operations.Reliability and ValidityThe studys reliability and rigourousness go hand in hand as patterns of measurement are both dependent on the aforementioned (Zikmund, 1994). Reliability primarily focuses on the internal consistency and the repeatability of the variables within the research. On the other hand, severeness centers on the correctness and appropriateness of the question that one intends to measure (Ghauri, Gronhaug and Kristianslund, 1995). According to Chisnall (1997), validity is generally considered and established through the relationship of the instrument to the content, criterion or construct that it attempts to measure. A lack of validity can lead to irrational conclusion.In order to make sure that the instrument that will be used are reliable and valid, the researcher will assure that such is patterned based on the objectives of the study, the secondary data and also on the feedback that was given based on the pilot study that will be conducted.Analysis of DataData information gathered from the surveys and interviews and secondary data from the other studies found will be used for the analysis that would answer the research question. Charts and comparisons of data will be used as analysis tools. Statistics used will be based on the survey results from the questionnaire made by the researcher. Statistical Products and Service Solutions (SPSS) will also be used to determine the stand of the respondents regarding a particular question formulated in the survey (Griego and Morgan, 2000, p. 2).ReferencesCarroll A. and Buchholtz A.K., (2003). credit line and Society Ethics and StakeholderManagement, 5th ed. Mason, O. South-Western.Chisnall P. M., (1997). Marketing Research, 5ed., Berkshire McGraw-Hill. fragrant bedstraw H. (1995), Services Marketing. London Pitman PublishingDaymon C. and Holloway I., (2002). Qualitative Research Methods in Publi c Relationsand Marketing Communications. London Routledge.Ghauri, P., Gronhaug, K. and Kristianslund, I., (1995). Research Methods InBusiness Studies A Practical Guide. Great Britain Prentice Hall.Griego O. and Morgan G. (2000). 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